Principles and operational challenges a presentation at the stsaiche water forum and exhibition houston, tx may 7, 2020 somnath basu, phd, pe and paul t. The refinery also could supply several feedstocks for a present day petrochemical plant and base stocks for lubricating oil production. Petroleum refining a typical modern petroleum refinery for the primary purpose of producing a complete range of domestic and industrial fuels is illustrated by a block diagram in figure 1. Petroleum refining industry continues to be of central importance to the global economy. They are not found in mentionable quantities in crude oil but are encountered in some refinery processes such as alkylation. Water management in the petroleum refining industry. The following sections of this report provide an overview of the petroleum refining industry and a summary of the analyses conducted by the epa as part of the detailed study. Petroleum refining also involves treating the raw products by a variety of finishing processes to yield marketable products. Australias petroleum supply and its implications for the adf. With entry into the twentyfirst century, petroleum refining technology.
Development document for the petroleum refining category 1974. World bank group environmental, health, and safety. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. It is expected to be africas biggest oil refinery and the worlds biggest singletrain facility. The ehs guidelines for petroleum refining cover processing operations from raw crude oil to finished liquid products, including refinery fuel gas, liquefied petroleum gas lpg, mogas motor gasoline mogas, kerosene, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oil, bitumen, asphalt, waxes, sulfur, petcoke, and intermediate products e. Diagram of a refinery distillation column and major products produced. This program the refinery nep was cancelled in 2017 after it was incorporated into osha instruction. Refining operations petroleum refining processes and operations can be separated into five basic areas. The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Sometimes, refineries are located near oil wells, but usually the crude oil has to be delivered to the refinery by ship, barge, pipeline, truck, or train. There objective is to separate the mixture into several fractions like naphtha, kerosene, diesel and gas oil.
Managing the disconnect in the currency risk management strategy and financial reporting 2. Petroleum refining refers to the separation as well as reactive. Dangote oil refinery is a 650,000 barrels per day bpd integrated refinery project under construction in the lekki free zone near lagos, nigeria. An oil trap is a nonporous rock formation that holds the oil pool in place. Air pollution engineering manual, second edition, ap40, u. Simple refineries near oil production kinder morgan, galena park, tx 50,000 bpd condensate splitter dakota prairie refinery 20,000 bpd bakken crude topping unit with diesel hydrotreating meridian energy group near belfield, nd o 49,500 bpd refinery o originally expected 2018 startup may. Process gas monitoring in petroleum refineries application note refining application emerson offers several rosemount analytical gas analyzer technologies to meet the process control and stream purity monitoring needs of petroleum refineries.
View petroleum refinery and petrochemical research papers on academia. Petroleum refinery process safety management national. Liquid refinery fuels are available in various grades, mainly determined by viscosity. Technical analysis petroleum refineries sector nace c19. The water demand is up to 3 m 3 of water for every ton of petroleum processed us epa, 1980, 1982. Energy efficiency improvement in the petroleum refining. Section 2 provides an overview of current regulations affecting the petroleum refining. Obviously, in order to stay in the ground, the fluids oil and associated gas must be trapped, so that they cannot flow to the surface of the earth. The primary objective of the petroleum refining component submodule is to provide a reasonable representation of the world refining industry.
Optimizing the hedging strategy for oil refining companies. The environmental, health, and safety ehs guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industryspecific examples of good international industry practice giip. Water management in the petroleum refining industry petia mijaylova nacheva mexican institute of water technology mexico 1. This handbook provides a basic knowledge of petroleum refining and. Environmental, health, and safety guidelines petroleum refining november 17, 2016 1 environmental, health, and safety guidelines for petroleum refining introduction 1. Epa office of general enforcement, petroleum refinery enforcement manual, 1980.
Refinery oil products and byproducts of the production. The petroleum industry is organized into four broad sectors. The ehs guidelines for petroleum refining cover processing operations from raw crude oil to finished products, for example refinery fuel gas, liquefied petroleum gas lpg, motor gasoline mogas, kerosene, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oil, bitumen, asphalt, lubricant oils, waxes, sulfur, petcoke, and. Refinery capacity report energy information administration. Until the second oil price shock refining capacity grew rapidly, but.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Application in refinery edwin xie copyright of shell eastern petroleum pte. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Evaluation of properties of crude oil and its fractions. A schematic diagram of an atmospheric crude fractionation unit is shown in figure 11. This refinery nep will be archived at a later date. Global hydrocarbon supply model petroleum refining. Refined petroleum products are not only a primary source of energy for homes and businesses but also are fundamental to a thriving transport industry. The crude distillation unit cdu is one of the most energyintensive processes of a petroleum refinery. Most of the calculation techniques described here are manual. Fractionation distillation is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into groups of hydrocarbon compounds of differing boilingpoint ranges called fractions or cuts. Understanding the incidence of currency risk in oil refining operations currency risk in oil refining operations results from the inherent dollarized nature of. Development document for the petroleum refining category.
Detailed study of the petroleum refining category 2019 report. Obtaining cost effective retrofits is still our biggest challenge in heat recovery. Petroleum refining industry uses large volume s of water. Petroleum refinery process safety management national emphasis program note. Pdf petroleum refining and petrochemicals as per gujarat technological university for. After the crude oil has reached the refinery, huge round tanks store. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. The refinery has a crude oil refining capacity of approximately 1,000 barrels per calendar day bpcd. There are losses to the atmosphere, including steam losses and cooling. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Major keyurkumar patel, australian army the primary cause of our failure was a shortage of fuel.
The petroleum refining sector has grown over the past 50 years by about 2%year on average. Refinery process modeling, a practical guide to steady state modeling of petroleum processes, 1sted. W, api and wt% curves for the crude oil volume percent 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 tbp temperature of 62 144 255 344 437 531 623 volume percent 70 80 85 tbp temperature of 717 819 897 calculations sp. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. Petroleum refining overview in this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology in process engineering. Pdf petroleum refining and petrochemicals as per gujarat technological university for b. Composition of petroleum, laboratory tests, refinery feedstocks and products evaluation of crude oil properties and design of crude oil distillation. In 2017, there were 7 petroleum refineries operating in the united states, with a total capacity of more than 18.
A large portion of the water used in a petroleum refinery can be continually recycled with in a refinery. Petroleum refineries within the bay area should estimate and report emissions of criteria pollutants, toxic air contaminants, and greenhouse gases for. Global hydrocarbon supply model petroleum refining component. Crude oil is fractionated into liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha used to produce gasoline by blending with octane boosters. Oil s first stop after being pumped from a well is an oil refinery. Introduction petroleum refining industry uses large volume s of water. Refining, which represents the conversion of crude oil into petroleum products. Effective wastewater treatment is critical to the success of uninterrupted refinery operation process water management plays a very important role in petroleum refineries central to both hydrocarbon processing and effluent treatment the operation of a refinery wastewater treatment system is an integrated process. Nigerian oil has a high export value given that it is less corrosive for refinery infrastructure and easier to refine into highvalue products such as gasoline or jet fuel compared to other types of crude. Petroleum refining processes having direct emission sources are presented. In response to this large number of fatal or catastrophic incidents, osha initiated cpl 0300004, the petroleum refinery process safety management national emphasis program nep, in june 2007. Detailed study of the petroleum refining category 2019.
Insight into the sustainable integration of bio and petroleum. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Typical removal efficiencies for oil refinery 106 treatment processes estimated total annual costs for endofpipe 114 treatment systems for the petroleum refining industry existing refineries summary of endofpipe waste water treatment 115 costs for representative plants in the petroleum refinery industry xii. The cdr discusses critical blocks associated with the refining model. Inside the distillation units, the liquids and vapors separate into petroleum components. Understanding the incidence of currency risk in oil refining operations currency risk in oil refining operations results from the inherent dollarized nature of the business. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. Petroleum refinery processes speight major reference. Refinery process flow diagrams 5 process flow diagrams refinery conversion process typical distillation unit process desciptions one of the other feedstocks to a refinery is hydrogen, which can be used in a hydrotreater, isomerization, fcc, reformer, and a complex, capitalintensive unit. However, only a decade after discovering its first oil, shell and bp built the first refinery in 1965 in port harcourt. Ppt introduction to petroleum refinery engineering.
Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Not just new equipment, but minimize piping modifications and civil engineering. Environmental, health, and safety guidelines for petroleum. Petroleum refinery engineering mcgrawhill series in. Background gasoline, jet fuel, oils, asphalt and other petrochemicals are all derived from crude oil. Mall,department of chemical engineering,iit roorkee. A refinery is a plant where crude oil is processed. This chapter of the technical manual covers the history of refinery processing, characteristics of crude oil, hydrocarbon types and chemistry, and major refinery.
Energy efficiency improvement in the petroleum refining industry. Sun, phd, pe headworks international, houston, tx, usa. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products such as petroleum naphtha. The petroleum refining industry converts crude oil into more than 2500. Crude units are the first units that process petroleum in any refinery. A petroleum refinery heavily depends on crude oil as its main feedstock to produce. Chemical engineering petroleum refinery engineering nptel. Chemical semester viii find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Crude water hen hen desalter sour water furnace steam steam steam steam pa3. A refinery is an integrated group of manufacturing plants that vary in number according to the variety of products produced. The petroleum refining industry in the united states is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually all economic. Many of the processes in a petroleum refinery use water, however, not each process needs raw or treated water, and water can be cascaded or reused in many places. Petroleum refinery and petrochemical research papers. Take the curves for the two crudes in figure 37 and run through the steps to determine which crude has higher kerosene content a bigger.
Liquid refinery fuel this is a heavy fuel oil used in the refinery is typically a mixture of the residues from atmospheric andor vacuum distillation and conversion and cracking processes. Almost 56% of this quantity is used in cooling systems, 16% in boiling systems, 19% in production. Optimizing the hedging strategy for oil refining companies 7 2. Opec discussed raising the price of oil to counteract the. Cpl 0300021, psm covered chemical facilities national emphasis program, effective january 1, 2017.
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